.

.

.

.

The purpose of this paper is to verify the feasibility of constructing a credit evaluation model using self-filling questionnaire data without objective informations.
Analysis data are 2,884 respondents to the "2017 Small Business and Small Business Owners Financial Status and Credit Guarantee Support Effectiveness Survey" of the KOREG.
As a result of model construction, 11 independent variables are finally ed. The ed variables are region, monthly rent, growth stage, motivation for start-up, occupation before start-up, difficulties in management,
current fund operation situation, main borrowing institution, reasons for loan rejection, average turnover, age of business. The response rate gradually increased from low to high posterior probability of bad, and the sequencing is progressing well.
Therefore, it can be concluded that it is possible to use survey data to build a credit rating model for small businesses.

This study examines how institutional changes in treatment of entertainment expenditures for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) affect SMEs’ revenue contribution of entertainment expenses. We specifically analyze whether an increase in tax deductible limits for SMEs’ entertainment expenditures in accordance with 2014 tax reform proposal implemented in 2015, and the Improper Solicitation and Graft Act (Kim Young-ran Act) implemented in 2016 have a significant impact on revenue relevance of entertaiment expenditures. We also conduct an analysis to ascertain any difference in revenue relevance depending on exceeding or within the limits of allowable entertainment deduction. As a result of our analysis, there is no significant difference in revenue relevance of entertainment expenditures between in 2014 and in 2015, whereas revenue relevance in 2016, subject to both 2014 tax reform proposal and Kim Young-ran Act, evidently increases. Moreover, revenue relevance for firms that expend within the limits of entertainment deduction appears to decrease in both 2015 and 2016; in contrast, revenue relevance for firms exceeding the limits is relatively higher than those within the limits. In addition, segregating the samples by the amount of sales, we find that the impact of changes in revenue relevance due to the implementation of the tax reform and Kim Young-ran Act has more impact on relatively small firms. Our findings present evidence that an increase in limits of entertainment deduction for SMEs contributes overall to the achievement of policy objectives, aiding SMEs’ management and relieving their tax burden. Kim Young-ran Act is, furthermore, perceived to strengthen control over non-business related entertainment expenses to revenue, thereby increasing the relevance of entertainment expenses to revenue. This study is meaningful in that it reviews the effectiveness of policies of tax and law authorities. Especially, considering that the term of SMEs’ deductible limit expansion expires in 2018, this study would be important to decide future tax policy.

.

The purpose of this study is verifying with corporate financial data that the required investment amount flow shows a similar pattern as times passed, in new product development by start-up company. In the previous paper, the authors proposed the required investment amount flow as a ‘New Product Investment Curve (NPIC)’. In this study, we have studied further in various types of companies. The samples used are accounting data of 462 companies ed from 5,873 Korean companies which were finished external audit in 2015.
The results of this study are as follows; The average investment period was 3 years for the listed companies, while 6 years for the unlisted companies. The investment payback period was 6 years for listed companies, while 17 years for unlisted companies. The investment payback period of the company supported by big affiliate company (We call ‘greenhouse company’) was 14∼15 years, while 17 years for real venture companies.
When we divide all companies into 4 groups in terms of R&D cost and variable cost ratio, NPIC explanatory power of ’high R&D and high variable cost ratio group(Automobile Assembly Business) is best. Among the eight investment cost indexes proposed to estimate the investment amount, the 'cash1' (operating cash flow + fixed asset excluding land & building + intangible asset, deferred asset change) / year-end total assets) turned out to be the most effective index to estimate the investment flow patterns.
The conclusion is that NPIC explanatory power is somewhat reduced when we estimate all companies together. However, if we estimate the sample companies by characteristics such as listed, unlisted, greenhouse, and venture company, the proposed NPIC was verified to be effective by showing the required investment amount pattern.

The changes in the occupational world, such as job changes caused by the hyperconnected technology of the 4th Industrial Revolution, are predicted. We analyzed these changes and look for trends to find ways to respond effectively to future changes in the world of work. We used the Korean job indicators to examine the relevance of the linkage technology and to classify the occupational groups related to the fluctuation of the future job world by using data such as job security, job stability, and compensation job prospects. As a result of the expert Delphi method, we classify the occupation group (subdivision and subdivision) according to the relation between the secondary connection skill and the occupation and predict the job change.
Depending on the relevance of the connection technology, future job prospects are expected to be quite polarized, with 60% of jobs expected to decline rather than increase. In addition, many jobs were found to be related to the hyperlinked technology, but it was expected that there would be more jobs with reduced jobs even in highly relevant jobs. The changes in the occupational world, such as work environment and stress, job movement, and the cycle of change of necessary skills, were expected to be more polarized than the present. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss at the social level as well as the companies that have to cope with the changes depending on the relevance of these technologies and the world of work. To this end, changes in industry and occupational classification systems are needed to analyze the impact of technology. There is a need for social response measures to cope with new lifestyles by these changes. This paper suggests some implications for SMEs who have difficulties in applying the connection technology.

This study specifies the process in which the meaning of internship is re-framed from education to employment. As an institution, internship is originally conceived to facilitate the job training (i.e. education), but as individuals get through the internship, they re-define the meaning of internships into a kind of job position, (i.e. employment). In this study, through in-depth interviews of 10 undergrad students in Korea, we disentangle the mechanism of the meaning-change process.

This study argues that SMEs are likely to encounter a dilemma between focusing and balancing in resource allocation. Prior literature has argued that focusing is more viable than balancing for SMEs, but we propose that focusing can make SMEs vulnerable to environmental change as it elicits financial inflexibility. We explore how the focusing-balancing dilemma unfolds by investigating the impact of the tendency of focused resource allocation on financial inflexibility. With the financial data of 1,151 technology-based SMEs, we find that the tendency of focused resource allocation is positively related to financial inflexibility. These results reveal that focused resource allocation, which can be attempted for by SMEs to reconcile their resource constraints, increases the vulnerability to environmental change, which will lead to a focusing-balancing dilemma.

.

.

This study investigates how employees form their own career paths. In particular, we pay attention to the types of turnovers to specify the career paths. Through tracing the whole career history of 122 employees working in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Korea, we specify the process of the formation of career paths. As a result, we find out four different turnover types, which can help discern a specific career path. These findings present practical implications as to under what conditions employees succesfully develop their own career paths in SMEs.

.

.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the phenomenon of job mismatch between small and medium sized companies and to propose the effective role of business manpower solution center as an alternative for job mismatch. The purpose of this study is to investigate how mismatches arise from job seeking, information, and local mismatches. The results of the study are as follows. First, the manpower problems of SMEs are caused by various causes. In relation to anticipated mismatch, job seekers such as students in specialist and college universities sought social stability due to employment for SMEs, but HR personnel in SMEs tried to job seekers who would work diligently with low wages, and mismatches occurred strongly. In relation to information mismatch, job seekers need to positively expose their willingness to job hunting support channels such as job hunting officers in the school, specify the desired working hours and wages for detailed information, It is necessary to provide information that can reveal. In relation to information mismatch, teachers, professors, and officers in charge of specialization and vocational colleges needed to acquire more information on practical employment practices, including information on successful employment channels of similar organizations. Regarding to the regional mismatch, the male job seekers did not show a strong regional mismatch, but it was found that the long distance commute and the dormitory service had a great influence on the employment status. Second, as a new cause of miss job mismatch, I could confirm the disconnection of career due to military enlistment and confusion of job market. We see that such a problem should be an important research tool for solving the problems of the manpower problems of SMEs in the future.

.

.

Through this study, it is aimed to derive the policy direction considering the characteristics of the present Smart Factory, the industrial condition of Pohang area, and the promotion field. Secondly, the questionnaire data of the regional enterprises will prepare for the improvement of the industrial structure and the implications for efficiency, and preparation for regional preparation and industrial changes in preparation for the next generation of production revolution.
The construction of Smart Factory in Pohang can be divided into two major directions. First, it is analyzed that smart factory pilot projects are highly needed, focusing on competitive medical precision manufacturing field among the SMEs in the region, primary metal and nonmetal manufacturing industries, and other machinery fields. In addition, local SMEs are willing to introduce smart factories for reasons of quality improvement and cost reduction, and it is confirmed that they will actively promote employee training and expertise if they can upgrade continuously.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.